Posted By Stephen M. Walt Share

My copy of Mein Kampf sits on a shelf in my study, along with a couple of dozen books on World War II.  It was the first book ever translated by the late Ralph Manheim (who also translated the works of Gunter Grass and others) and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1943.  I've used it to prepare lectures on the Second World War, where I quote a few of Hitler's more lurid and bizarre passages in order to convey to students the dangerous world-view from which Nazism sprang.

I mention this because authorities in Bavaria are reportedly trying to prevent new editions of this book from being published in Germany (where it has been banned), now that the original copyright (which is controlled by the Bavarian government) is about to run out. Their concern, which is understandable but in my view overstated, is that neo-Nazi groups will use the expiration of copyright as an opportunity to disseminate Hitler's hateful ideas anew.

I think this is a mistake. In addition to being filled with a lot of appalling racist claptrap, Mein Kampf is an awful book-turgid, tedious, badly organized, and mostly boring. So the danger that a German edition it will win a lot of new converts seems remote. Second, it's widely available in pirated versions on the Internet and in plenty of other countries (including the Untied States), so anybody with neo-Nazi sympathies can get a copy already. 

But most importantly, the best way to deal with a book like Mein Kampf is to expose it to light, demolish its "arguments," and remind everyone where Hitler's world-view ultimately led.  Apart from its obvious xenophobia and anti-Semitism, the book is filled with historical falsehoods, bogus prescriptions and sophomoric attempts at philosophy. If you want fascism to remain a marginalized social phenomenon, allowing qualified historians to dissect Hitler's ideas is a better antidote than censorship. After acknowledging the legitimate sensitivities of some who oppose publication, Stephen Kramer, secretary-general of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, wisely counseled that the best course was not censorship but an open effort to put the work in context, with an appropriate commentary. As he told the Times, "Those who are already on the wrong side already have the book and already read it from their own point of view. Let's get it out there, and let's get it out there with a commentary."  Furthermore, banning publication would just let extremists argue that elites are conspiring to keep some valuable "wisdom" away from the people, and a few nutjobs might even believe them.

Two additional lessons are worth remembering as well. Books like Mein Kampf remind us that bizarre, incoherent, and hateful ideas can sometimes win over enough people to sway a nation and ultimately help lead to the deaths of millions. When you actually look at the the book, and read about the history of Nazism, it may be hard to believe that serious people in an advanced society could be persuaded by arguments of this sort. But they were. And while Hitler may be the extreme case, we live in an era where plenty of political (and I regret to say, religious) figures offer all sorts of memoirs and tracts of their own, some of them nearly as bizarre and illogical (if not as murderous) as Hitler's infamous tome. And I regret to say that some of them have a significant following.

The second lesson, of course, is that following beliefs of this sort was not only a tragedy for millions of innocent people in Europe, but it was also a disaster for Germany itself.  Anyone who is ignorant enough to be attracted by the program set forth in Mein Kampf needs to be reminded about what Hitler's world-view produced. In addition to directly causing the deaths of millions, his leadership led to Germany being extensively bombed, occupied by several foreign armies, divided for nearly half a century, and regarded with suspicion for many decades thereafter. Thus Hitler was not only one of history's greatest criminals, but also one of history's greatest failures. Mein Kampf is a blueprint for disaster, and anyone who might find it inspirational needs to be reminded of that fact.

The marketplace of ideas isn't perfect, but I have enough faith in it to believe that you can put Mein Kampf on a bookshelf in Germany today -- preferably in an annotated edition that exposes all of its errors -- and that the net effect will be to further discredit one of the darkest chapters in modern human history.

 

JANBEKSTER

8:30 PM ET

February 5, 2010

How many..

Neo-Nazis have actually read Mein Kampf, or are familiar with its claptrap?. Ultimately, I would say neo-Nazis; the articulate version among them, would seek to find the book because they are nazis, and not because they get converted to Nazism because they read it.
khairi janbek.paris/france

 

TEUFEL

6:13 PM ET

February 8, 2010

A little objectivity please

I was shocked (maybe not that much) to read so many meaningless insults and attacks against the book in this article.

It's always been the work of the West to discredit anything that isn't "democratic" (if this really exists and is of any relevance anyway) and capitalist.

But first of all, Walt gives NO argument in this, letting people take for granted that this is all bullshit...

Two things here : History is written by the victors, and in philosophy, you can justify about anything as long as you've got so-called arguments. If this has to be true for Hitler's thoughts, it as to be for West's and the Jews propaganda.

You can't possibly take this work for an objective investigation of national socialist thought. Rare are the people really objective on that matter.

To me, this article is total CRAP!

 

WIGWAG

10:02 PM ET

February 5, 2010

Walt Gets One Right for a Change!

Excellent post, Professor Walt. You're right, suppressing speech and banning books is never the right way to go.

The Europeans seem to have lost their collective minds; Germany wants to ban “Mein Kampf”; the Netherlands is criminally prosecuting Dutch politician Geert Wilders, not for anything he's done but for what he's said; France, along with the Scandinavian nations is thinking of banning what they deem to be offensive articles of clothing (burkas).

Thank goodness that none of this would ever be possible in the United States. While the Europeans may have given birth to the enlightenment and created a tradition of free expression; in the United States we have brought enlightenment values to life through the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (as well as the Fifth Amendment).

Thank goodness we live in such an enlightened nation. Professor Walt has personally benefited from those values in so many different ways and so has every one of his devoted readers.

Americans who take advantage of their First Amendment rights should be celebrated not criticized. Whether it’s a lobby of one; a single person writing to his Congressman or Senator; or a lobby of millions organizing together to express their views on subjects they feel are critically important; it is all quintessentially American and it is glorious.

 

TOM G

2:03 PM ET

February 6, 2010

enlightened nation???

Really America, let me enlighten you about your examples, the reason the dutch are prosecuting Geert Wilders is for en-sighting racial hatred good example for AMERICA to follow especially considering that your country only recognized the fact that black people have rights in the last 40 years , and although you are right about the french the Scandinavians are not you are quoting a ring-wing party idea.Also Europeans don't stop people in airports who are Muslims just because they fit a profile.Universal healthcare in which Europeans enjoy is thought a crazy idea in America as you believe that it is socialist and some people even believe that they are death panels but which we in Europe find insane as it is the duty of the public service to serve the citizens of our countries as no-one should suffer due lack of medical insurance.And finally we in your also have freedom of speech and expression and at least our individual politicians do not have the power to cripple the entire parliament by stopping important legislation just because he/she has an opinion on another totally unrelated matter I believe you call it filibustering and there are more problems which I can spend all day informing you about so please get off your pedestal and focus on the fact that America is not all you crack it up to be.

 

NORBOOSE

5:27 AM ET

February 7, 2010

Come on Tom, If you were that dumb, you couldnt use a computer

Tom, Im not going to dissect your points one by one, that would take forever and youd never understand them even if you did read them. Im just going to ask you this, are you A or B?

A. Youre a brainwashed Euro-nationalist who has never visited America.
B. Youre a self-hating American who has never visited Europe.

 

PAMPL

9:39 AM ET

February 6, 2010

Pretty ballsy

I thought the crowing about Walt's courage was overblown, but he's got some guts to stand up for freedom of speech in this particular case despite being regularly denounced as anti-Semitic. I want to add a bunch of nitpicking caveats about how this position isn't particularly unpopular in the ivory tower etc etc but in the end I think this post was more impressive than not.

 

STEVE D

3:39 PM ET

February 6, 2010

Mein Kampf

Last year, for Darwin Day, I decided to check the canard that evolution inspired Hitler. So I downloaded both the English and German translations. The result? The English version mentions evolution twelve times, NEVER in the biological sense. It is always used for historical or cultural development. The German word in every case is Entwicklung, which is more often translated as "development." This is easy with word search. Bottom line, the assertion that evolution inspired Hitler is an outright lie.

But I'm with the author on this point. Boy, it's awful. Turgid, impenetrable, utterly lacking in organization.

This wasn't my first encounter with the book. I once looked into it to see if it offered any clues to events in Hitler's youth that caused him to develop as he did. I didn't see the slightest evidence that he was the victim of abuse, as has been claimed. But the anger and frustration he felt at the slippery and sophistic (not sophisticated) tactics of the Viennese intellectuals he encountered was palpable. Granted, Hitler seriously overestimated his intellectual gifts and doubtless entered discussions very naively, nevertheless, you can read any blog these days and see exactly the behavior Hitler described. So it leaves a troubling question: might the Holocaust and World War II have been averted if the intelligentsia of Vienna 100 years ago had been intellectually honest?

 

VITO

10:27 AM ET

February 9, 2010

To the contrary...

I would add to the discussion that Charles Darwin - author of: "On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural selection OR The Preservation Of FAVORED RACES In The Struggle For Life" (Original title), had a cousin named Francis Galton who was one the fathers of Eugenics (Black Genocide). Hitler honed his belief system and governmental policies from early American eugenicist like Harry Loflin and Madison Grant. Hitler even went as far as saying that Madison Grant' book "The Passing of The Great Race or The Racial Basis of European History" was his Bible!

Hitler also wrote a letter in 1934 to Margaret Sanger's friend Leon Whitney, praising him for a book he wrote on forced sterilization of the lowest 25% of the population.

Lothrop Stoddard, author of "The Rising Tide of Color Against White World Supremacy," advised the Nazi's and his ideas were featured in Nazi school text books. Stoddard was a member of the Rockefeller/Carnegie backed American Birth Control League, and American Eugenics society.

Hitler blamed the Jews for bringing Blacks to Germany and when it was time to sterilize, experiment on, and exterminate a half a million Blacks he called on eugenicist Eugen Fischer to implement this - given Fischer's prior experience in south western Africa.

Margaret Sanger, of the American Birth Control League, was also backed by Rockefeller foundation and the Carnegie corporation money. When they felt that their links to Nazi Germany were beginning to be known, they changed their names from the American Birth Control League, and Eugenics etc., to PLANNED PARENTHOOD!

And let's not leave out the other so-called champions of democracy who were in love with Hitler. Bush helped finance Hitler, Winston Churchill was a racist anti semite, Stalin was a racist anti semite (who was also financed by Wall st.) and other well to do Jews in Europe and America said nothing when Jews were getting persecuted at the time...

 

VITO

11:00 AM ET

February 9, 2010

ooops...

Forgot to mention Clarence Gamble (Yes, of Proctor&Gamble) was also a financial supporter of Margaret Sanger and the early eugenics movement that supported German Nazi Italian Mussolini Fascism.

 

DAVE MARTIN FROM GRAPEFRUITLAND

4:23 PM ET

February 7, 2010

Peter Drucker had Mein Kampf translated, in full

I haven't managed to confirm the tale via Google, but Peter Drucker, having exited Europe due to the rise of Hitler, was offended by the official, edited translation of Mein Kampf being distributed in the US. So he arranged a full translation and distributed plenty of copies before the German authorities could shut down his operation for copyright violation.

 

BOYNTON BEACH

12:04 AM ET

February 9, 2010

Yes Peter Drucker, having

Yes Peter Drucker, having exited Europe due to the rise of Hitler.

boynton beach - morocco travel forums - yamaha forum - south florida medical supplies

 

JANBEKSTER

6:36 PM ET

February 7, 2010

Eternal Dilema.

One would say that, it is the eternal dilema of any liberal- democratic system, to deliberate whether to ban literature of movements which want to exploit the liberal-democratic norms, in order to abuse those norms, or allow such literature to be produced, as a testament to the durability, superiority, and confidence of liberal-democracy. Liberal here, is not with capital {L}.

 

JACOB BLUES

2:12 PM ET

February 8, 2010

Of course in today's world, who knows, Hitler just might have

been given his own blog to perpetuate his own philosophical ideals no matter how ideologically bent.

 

ROBERT LANGE

5:04 PM ET

February 8, 2010

Or a radio talk show;

with a golden microphone of course!

 

RICKYTRICK

5:45 PM ET

February 8, 2010

mein kampf

it amazes me how the rantings of this corporal still captivate.

 

GRIFROSS

8:53 PM ET

February 8, 2010

Was the 1943 edition the real thing?

As I understand it, the English language edition first published in the US had been carefully expurgated of the worst of its anti-Semitic ranting and belligerence. Was the 1943 edition a return to the original?

 

GROUNDPOUNDER

8:56 PM ET

February 8, 2010

Der Fuhrer and B. Hussein Obama Share Much in Common!

Like Der Fuhrer, B. Hussein Obama is a demagogue and has used books chockfull of lies, myths and distortions to con a dimwitted electorate to vote him into office as the POTUS. And just like with A. Hitler, book sales are B. Hussein Obama’s main source of income!

 

PAMPL

12:14 PM ET

February 9, 2010

Damn the literate

OK, so ignoring your (false) claim about demagoguery, and your (false) claim about income, you're saying Obama = Hitler because they both wrote books. Of course, every other US politician (including Sarah Palin) has attached his or her name to a book, so basically the entire US political system is a house of Hitlers. Hmm.

 

JON HARRISON

9:02 PM ET

February 8, 2010

Walt on Mein Kampf

I was shocked by Teufel's comment. "Mein Kampf" is indeed everything Walt says it is -- turgid, fantastical, and just plain wrong on almost every subject it touches. I don't keep a copy of the book on my shelves because my shelf space is too valuable.

I'm somewhat surprised to see Walt commenting on this subject at all. I have to wonder whether his main goal is to publicize his views on the book and on National Socialism generally. He has, of course, been called anti-Semitic by some supporters of Israel ever since the publication of "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy." Taking an opportunity to establish his anti-fascist credentials may well have motivated him. In any case, "Mein Kampf" was and is garbage, while publishing "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy" was both an act of courage and a service to the cause of bringing U.S. foreign policy in line with the interests of the American people.

 

NYGDAN

9:03 PM ET

February 8, 2010

How to discredit and claptrap..

I haven't ever read Mein Kampf. I understand that most people here are saying 'wow, how could people have bought this', but lets remember, people DID buy it, in fact, some VERY smart and capable people bought it. So lets not pretend that Hitler was some sort of joke. He was a /terrible/ evil, not some simple fool. And as far as comparing Hitler and Marx, Aryan Racial Theory was as utterly bogus as Dialectical Materialism, so I think they both score pretty high on the 'claptrap' scale, regardless of the fact that lots of people bought into Kampf and lots still buy into Kapital.

And to Dr. Walt's point about censorship giving Kampf the aura of magical wisdom, just look at the comments here, with people saying that we're not getting the 'real' Kampf, just some watered down government (and surely they intend that to be 'zionist-occupied-government') 'version'. So publish it. Publish it fully, hell, I'd think Mein Kampf would be required reading in Germany after everything that happened. Heck let the neo-nazis have copies of Hitlers manuscript (if it still exists, I have no idea) and let /them/ edit and publish it (and they'd /still/ I am sure, complain that something's been redacted).

Also, Nazism is illegal in germany anyway. The party is proscribed, so even IF someone read Kampf and Konverted, they should just be thrown in jail anyway.

 

NYGDAN

9:06 PM ET

February 8, 2010

and on Darwin and Hitler

The Nazis were NOT fans of Darwin, famously described as a mongrel of all different stocks. Darwin's theory that evolution happens through a mechanism of natural selection and Nazism are completely at odds. Nazism is anti-science and Darwin was practically the paradigm of a good scientist. They are completely at odds.

 

MARTIAL

11:43 PM ET

February 8, 2010

Indeed, one must read this book.

90% of anti-Israel sentiment uses the reasoning of Mein Kampf to arrive at its conclusions. All one need do is substitute Israeli/Zionist for Jew and, voila, you get Norman Finkelstein.

 

MARTIAL

11:47 PM ET

February 8, 2010

An example.

Just put the word Zionist in. Here's one example:

In the Zionists the will to self-sacrifice does not go beyond the individual's naked instinct of self-preservation. Their apparently great sense of solidarity is based on the very primitive herd instinct that is seen in many other living creatures in this world. It is a noteworthy fact that the herd instinct leads to mutual support only as long as a common danger makes this seem useful or inevitable. The same pack of wolves which has just fallen on its prey together disintegrates when hunger abates into its individual beasts. The same is true of horses which try to defend themselves against an assailant in a body, but scatter again as soon as the danger is past.

It is similar with the Zionist. His sense of sacrifice is only apparent. It exists only as long as the existence of the individual makes it absolutely necessary. However, as soon as the common enemy is conquered, the danger threatening all averted and the booty hidden, the apparent harmony of the Jews among themselves ceases, again making way for their old causal tendencies. The Zionist is only united when a common danger forces him to be or a common booty entices him; if these two grounds are lacking, the qualities of the crassest egoism come into their own, and in the twinkling of an eye the united people turns into a horde of rats, fighting bloodily among themselves.

 

MARTIAL

11:50 PM ET

February 8, 2010

Another example

Since the Zionist never possessed a state with definite territorial limits and therefore never called a culture his own, the conception arose that this was a people which should be reckoned among the ranks of the nomads. This is a fallacy as great as it is dangerous. The nomad does possess a definitely limited living space, only he does not cultivate it like a sedentary peasant, but lives from the yield of his herds with which he wanders about in his territory. The outward reason for this is to be found in the small fertility of a soil which simply does not permit of settlement. The deeper cause, however, lies in the disparity between the technical culture of an age or people and the natural poverty of a living space. There are territories in which even the Palestinian is enabled only by his technology, developed in the course of more than a thousand years, to live in regular settlements, to master broad stretches of soil and obtain from it the requirements of life. If he did not possess this technology, either he would have to avoid these territories or likewise have to struggle along as a nomad in perpetual wandering, provided that his thousand-year-old education and habit of settled residence did not make this seem simply unbearable to him.

 

MARTIAL

12:05 AM ET

February 9, 2010

A third and a fourth and a fifth and a . . .

This, however, has nothing to do with nomadism, for the reason that a Zionist never thinks of leaving a territory ·hat he has occupied, but remains where he is, and he sits so fast that even by force it is very hard to drive him out. His extension to ever-new countries occurs only in the moment in which certain conditions for his existence are there present, without which- unlike the nomad-he would not change his residence. He is and remains the typical parasite, a sponger who like a noxious bacillus keeps spreading as soon as a favorable medium invites him. And the effect of his existence is also like that of spongers: wherever he appears, the host people dies out after a shorter or longer period.

. . .

It must, over and over again, be pointed out to the adherents of the movement and in a broader sense to the whole people that the Zionist and his newspapers always lie and that even an occasional truth is only intended to cover a bigger falsification and is therefore itself in turn a deliberate untruth. The Zionist is the great master in lying, and lies and deception are his weapons in struggle.
Every Zionist slander and every Zionist lie is a scar of honor on the body of our warriors.
The man they have most reviled stands closest to us and the man they hate worst is our best friend.
Anyone who picks up a Zionist newspaper in the morning and does not see himself slandered in it has not made profitable use of the previous day; for if he had, he would be persecuted, reviled, slandered, abused} befouled. And only the man who combats this mortal enemy of our nation and of all Palestinian humanity and culture most effectively may expect to see the slanders of this race and the struggle of this people directed against him.

. . .

The Palestinian State, which I have tried to sketch in general outline, will not become a reality in virtue of the simple fact that we know the indispensable conditions of its existence. It does not suffice to know what aspect such a State would present. The problem of its foundation is far more important. The parties which exist at present and which draw their profits from the State as it now is cannot be expected to bring about a radical change in the regime or to change their attitude on their own initiative. This is rendered all the more impossible because the forces which now have the direction of affairs in their hands are Zionists here and Zionists there and Zionists everywhere. The trend of development which we are now experiencing would, if allowed to go on unhampered, lead to the realization of the Zionist prophecy that the Zionists will one day devour the other nations and become lords of the earth.

. . .

If we would transform our ideal picture of the Palestinain State into a reality we shall have to keep independent of the forces that now control public life and seek for new forces that will be ready and capable of taking up the fight for such an ideal. For a fight it will have to be, since the first objective will not be to build up the idea of the Palestinian State but rather to wipe out the Jewish State which is now in existence. As so often happens in the course of history, the main difficulty is not to establish a new order of things but to clear the ground for its establishment. Prejudices and egotistic interests join together in forming a common front against the new idea and in trying by every means to prevent its triumph, because it is disagreeable to them or threatens their existence.

. . .

It may be objected here that in these phenomena which we find throughout the history of the world we have to recognize mostly a specifically Zionist mode of thought and that such fanaticism and intolerance are typical symptoms of Zionist mentality. That may be a thousandfold true; and it is a fact deeply to be regretted. The appearance of intolerance and fanaticism in the history of mankind may be deeply regrettable, and it may be looked upon as foreign to human nature, but the fact does not change conditions as they exist today. The men who wish to liberate our Palestinian nation from the conditions in which it now exists cannot cudgel their brains with thinking how excellent it would be if this or that had never arisen. They must strive to find ways and means of abolishing what actually exists. A philosophy of life which is inspired by an infernal spirit of intolerance can only be set aside by a doctrine that is advanced in an equally ardent spirit and fought for with as determined a will and which is itself a new idea, pure and absolutely true.
________

See how easy it is to create modern works of the highest political sophistocation?

 

Stephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University.

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