Posted By Stephen M. Walt Share

Perhaps you noticed the following two headlines from today's New York Times (print edition; the online headline is different):

"U.S. Will Widen War on Militants Inside Pakistan" and "Germany Will Begin Afghan Exit Next Year."

Those two stories tell you a lot about the situation in Central Asia, especially when read in the context of the latest strategy review. Surprise, surprise: that review reaffirmed virtually all of the Obama administration's justifications for continuing the war, and offered just enough upbeat assessments to support a continued effort. At the same time, it provides just enough prophylactic pessimism to appear "realistic."

But what's missing in all this role-playing was a clear and convincing statement of costs and benefits. For all the talk of defeating al Qaeda (which isn't in Afghanistan any more), or preventing "safe havens," the administration scrupulously avoided the question of whether the money spent, lives lost, and presidential time consumed is worth it in terms of advancing core American interests. While parsing the evidence that it is making progress, the administration carefully avoids the question of whether the resources devoted to achieving something that might be defined as "success" are worth spending. Similarly, it avoids asking whether the costs of disengagement would be all that significant; it simply assumes that getting out would lead to catastrophe. So it just repeats the usual affirmations that "we must...." and "we will...." while avoiding the far more important issue of whether we should. Our German allies appear to have asked themselves that question, and come up with a different answer.

And the news that the United States intends to expand the war even further into Pakistan is especially worrisome. On the one hand, it suggests that the administration has figured out that it cannot ever win in Afghanistan so long as the Taliban have a safe haven across the border (and the tacit or active support of some key elements in the Pakistani military). But as Anatol Lieven notes in The Nation, unleashing additional violence in Pakistan could have long-term destabilizing consequences that would be far more significant than whatever ultimately happens in Afghanistan.

And it is hard not to see echoes of Nixon's decision to invade Cambodia in 1970, in a failed attempt to eradicate Viet Cong bases there. The two situations are hardly identical, but both illustrate the tendency for wars to expand in both the scope and extent of violence, especially when they aren't going well. You send more troops, but that doesn't turn things around. So you send a few more, and you widen the war to new areas. But that doesn't work either, so you decide you have to alter the rules of engagement, use more missiles, bombs, or drones, or whatever. Maybe that will work, but it's looking more and more like the strategic equivalent of the Hail Mary pass. And so we have the bizarre situation where the president who won the Nobel Peace Prize in his first year in office has now escalated the war twice, expanded the use of drones, and now intends to widen the war in Pakistan even more.

Let's not forget that the invasion of Cambodia in 1970 also helped destabilize that country, and helped usher in the brutal rule of the Khmer Rouge. I'm not predicting a similar outcome here, but that example is a cruel reminder that military force is a crude instrument whose ultimate effects are difficult to anticipate in advance.

Decades from now, historians will look back and wonder how the United States allowed itself to get bogged down in a long and costly war to determine the political fate of landlocked country whose entire gross national product is about a quarter the size of the New York city budget. And when they reflect on the fact that the United States did this even after a major financial collapse and in the face of persistent budget deficits and macroeconomic imbalances, they will shake their heads in amazement.

MASSOUD HOSSAINI/AFP/Getty Images

 

CEOUNICOM

10:21 PM ET

December 17, 2010

Spot on...

""So it just repeats the usual affirmations that "we must...." and "we will...." while avoiding the far more important issue of whether we *should*.""

Thanks for that Walt. I've been harping on exactly that theme for the last couple of years on the AfPak channel & Best Defense. I'd like to hear more people pointing this out to those

One way I've asked the question is, "What does 'winning' in Afghanistan even mean?" - what do we get out of it? The more you look at it, the answer is basically, 'nothing'. Government will be no less corrupt, Pakistan will have no less influence, border-crossing fighters will still run amok in some provinces... We don't currently do anything of any particular value to alter the longer-term future of the country; rather, we're simply pouring money and manpower into an irreconcilable situation. I find some military commentators who wax on about needing to tinker with COIN vs CT tactics to be completely oblivious to the larger issue of *why*? It is simply assumed that we have to keep chugging away in afghanistan until someone says "we won" - criteria for 'victory' having devolved from Osama's head on a stick to--> Improved Poll #s for the ANP & ANSF. "The New Afghan Military! Now only *80%* illiterate! And only 40% deserters per month!" Pat yourself on the back and wish them well in their future role extorting money from drug lords, running toll-collections on the New Roads we helped build, and conveniently helping rig any future elections.

It's pieces like this here...

http://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/11/09/the_calculations_of_coin_dont_forget_the_other_surge_of_afghans

...that have been driving me up the wall. We seriously have way too many smart people engaged in the extremely stupid game of justifying our actions in Afghanistan via meaningless metrics.

More telling are pieces like this, via Michael Yon:

http://www.michaelyon-online.com.php5-4.dfw1-1.websitetestlink.com/surobi-sentinel-oct-2010.htm

(From an Army NCO conducting 'hearts and minds' work in afghanistan)

""...He (the Afghan teacher) told me point-blank the people of Afghanistan have no clue why we came to their country. The Taliban spreads through intimidation and flat out lies the reason for the US and Coalition Forces coming to Afghanistan. It’s to spread Christianity and to rape and steal. He stated the literacy rate is so low; nearly everyone who cannot read or write relies on word-of-mouth or various radio stations for their news.

....who are the average Afghans going to believe? If you think I’m kidding, I had one man last week say he was told the US invaded Afghanistan to rape their women and steal the country’s rubies.""

This is the status of this war after 9 YEARS. You can see why I think Poll #s or ANSF stats are meaningless in the broader context.

 

BYU01

1:50 AM ET

December 18, 2010

Completely Agree

I was hoping Obama would get us out of this mess (and I am a crazy conservative).

 

ETHEKYAA

4:16 AM ET

December 18, 2010

Go Mossad on them

They need to go covert, like Israel. Targeted assassinations and clandestine operation are the way to go. The more this war against Radical Islam goes on T.V. the more people it makes angry.

 

BOYLANDSMITH

4:23 AM ET

December 18, 2010

Dogs in Heat

it is the dangerous for afganistan and tribal pakistan.I hope that Obama should be the gud for terrorism in afganistan and pakistan.

Dogs in Heat

 

LOBEWIPER

12:30 PM ET

December 18, 2010

Please,

delete all these commercials--they are distracting and inappropriate!

 

WILLUNGER

1:05 PM ET

December 18, 2010

This is a good subject to

This is a good subject to talk about. Sometimes I fav stuff like this on Redit. I don’t think this would be the best to submit though. I’ll look around and find another article that may work.
http://www.articlespeak.com/south-beach-java-reviews

 

INJUN_NC

5:29 PM ET

December 19, 2010

Yet another misleading outburst by Bacon....

Bacon writes: "Besides the political reasons for extending the US empire there are considerable natural resources (petroleum, gas, minerals and water) in these countries, and a lot of money to be made."

Sure, resources are in play....but pray tell us where has the US made any money here? A good business plan is predicated on getting a healthy ROI. By all accounts, we have invested Trillions in these grand designs that you describe. What has been our return so far? Or, what do you expect it to be in the future? It must be definitely greater than what we have so far plunked down -- right? Is that gonna happen?

Let me just give one simple example that should illustrate that you do not need to invade countries to secure access to resources you need. Take China for instance -- its resource needs are not much different from our own and, if the current trajectory of their growth continues, they will outstrip ours. How many countries have they invaded or destabilized? Instead, they are investing heavily in infrastructure of those countries that have the raw materials the Chinese think they would need. Indians are doing much the same. One can rant about China and India turning a blind eye on the despotic and abusive rulers of these countries (e.g., Sudan, Burma, etc.) and wax eloquence on the reprehensibility of that.....but most would agree it beats invading and destroying those countries by a mile or more.

 

INJUN_NC

7:40 PM ET

December 19, 2010

Points well taken....

Mr. Bacon, we are on the same page....the wars are (and have been) rackets of the worst sort. I suppose if we differ at all on this is on whether the gains reaped by the United States in the previous century through such means can be repeated in this one. I believe, that would not be the case. Hence, for our children's sake, we need to re-evaluate everything in the light of current ground realities.

If we have not done so already, we are already on the verge of squandering our significant advantages (economic, military, technological, etc.) on ignorant pursuits overseas.

I fear for my adopted country.....and for my children's future in the US of A. If I believed in God, I could have found comfort in asking him to save us.

Let's see what destiny has in store for us. Only time will tell.

 

INJUN_NC

12:47 AM ET

December 20, 2010

J Thomas....my point exactly

What you write is in agreement with my thoughts. The (rhetorical) question I asked of Mr. Bacon was to highlight that.....that America/Americans are being taken to the cleaners by vested interests and their unconscionable wars. That was the point.

 

SAIF UR REHMAN

10:14 AM ET

December 20, 2010

US need to get out of Afghanistan befor disintegration...!

After 9 years, Russians withdrew from Afghanistan but it was too late to recover from bleeding wounds, and it disintegrated.

Now we enter into 10th year of US occupation of afghanistan, how long it will take US to understand the facts.

Widening war into Pakistan is not the solution..... From waziristan agency to now other agencies. than to quetta, than to other cities? where it will stop?

The more blood shed in Afghanistan and pakistan, the more hatred against US , the more cry for revenge, the more militancy, the more insurgency breading grounds.

 

DUGLARRI

7:28 AM ET

December 21, 2010

Decades from now Historians- but RIGHT NOW, the WORLD

It may take historians a couple of decades to conclude that the US was/is broken- that the US has simply completely, utterly lost its way- but the rest of the world has been of that opinion for quite a few years now.

It's not polite to say so to Americans, but the rest of the world thinks you're completely nuts, and much as we've gone along to this point, much as the Germans are doing, we can't pretend any longer.

It's like having rich old uncle Wilbert at the party every year dancing in his underpants. It's very embarrassing but everyone pretends not to notice. Eventually, though, someone gets on the phone and calls the men in white coats.

That's where we're at right now. Dialing.

 

CANADIANOFFICER

1:23 AM ET

December 22, 2010

So What Would Happen if the West Withdrew?

The column touches upon the core question thusly: "whether the costs of disengagement would be all that significant; it simply assumes that getting out would lead to catastrophe."

So what would happen if the West were to get out?

The pessimists like to cite history (Afghanistan's never-been-pacified and all that), so here's a pop history quiz for you all: What happened to the Soviet installed Najibullah govt in Kabul after the Soviet's withdrew with their tails between their legs in 1989? At the time, everyone expected Najib to fall almost immediately. In fact, even though it faced widespread open civil war (not just the nasty insurgency we have now), and Najib made Karzai look like a genuine populist by comparison -- Najib's govt held on until the USSR itself collapsed and thus stopped sending aid.
See for example the summary, in particular footnote 4, at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_war_in_Afghanistan_%281989-1992%29
By the time the West pulls out its major grd tp committment in a few years at most, the Kabul govt -- whatever one may think of it -- will command some 150K tps, more of various sorts of police, and the continued support and aid of the intl community. What effect do you think the Taliban, HiG and mish-mash of others are going to have in the face of all that?

 

SAIF UR REHMAN

10:49 PM ET

December 23, 2010

US withdrawl...

I agree to some extent that If US withdraws from Afghanistan, the things may not change much.

Those mujahideen, who compelled a super power( USSR) to defeat , could not even get a major city after months of attacks. The mujahideen's Jalal abad offensive, Kunduz and kabul attacks against najib government failed badly. The reason is, Afghans are always UNITED against a foreign invader, but they start fighting with each other, the moment invader leaves the ground. That is unfortunate character of Afghan society.

There were 7 mujahideen parties based in Pakistan and 8 in Afghanistan, none of their combined efforts could get them a piece of land to take their interim government into Afghanistan, due to internal fighting. Najib government was very much effective control untill USSR broke away. when taliban took over in 93, they were not among mujahideens, that was a new force rose among civil war.

There is a Saying about the people of the area that you can not buy an Aghan , but can rent one" So yesterday US rented, against USSR. now its your turn. good luck

 

SAIF UR REHMAN

10:51 PM ET

December 23, 2010

7 pakistani based parties and

7 pakistani based parties and 8 Iran based parties infact.

 

Stephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University.

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