Posted By Stephen M. Walt Share

I'm back in Singapore for the first time in nearly two years, and what a difference two years can make. Back in 2009, Singapore was reeling from the after-effects of the global recession, which hit its trade-dependent economy particularly hard.

The island nation has regrouped quickly, however, and its economy reportedly grew by an astonishing 17.9 percent in the first half of 2010. The harbor is chock-full of ships again, construction is proceeding apace, and the government expects robust growth to continue.

I don't want to go all "Asian values" on you, and comparing Singapore's economy with that of the United States is risky at best. But I've been reading a few books and articles on the endemic corruption (or if you prefer, criminality), embedded within the United States political/economic system (and watching documentaries about it too). And it made me wonder how much this feature might have to do with the varying trajectories of the two countries.

Case in point: today's Herald Tribune reports that Goldman Sachs has concluded that there's nothing really wrong with how it does business. To quote the print version (not the online edition) Goldman decided "its operations need only a fine-tuning, not a complete overhaul." Hmmmm. I don't know about you, but when a major investment bank has to get bailed out by the American taxpayer, and just paid a $550 million fine to settle civil fraud charges (not the first time Goldman has had to do something like this, by the way), one might reasonably conclude that there were more fundamental problems involved. Not from the point of view of Goldman's present profits, perhaps, but from the point of view of what is good for the society as a whole. And the problem seems to be that maximizing political influence is as much a part of Goldman's business model as the pursuit of economic gain itself.

Mind you, I'm not an economist, and I'm sure there are legions of people out there who would be quick to leap to Goldman's defense. And I'm not really picking on Goldman, because the financial meltdown of 2007-2008 suggested that the rot was far more widespread. Instead what troubles a layperson like me -- and maybe ought to worry you, too -- is that we've just lived through the most significant global recession since the 1930s but don't seem to have learned much in the process. That recession was triggered by malfeasance in mortgage and financial markets, and yet not much seems to have been done to create new arrangements that would prevent something similar from happening again. And the main reason isn't conceptual or economic but political: financial interests give a ton of money to politicians, and -- surprise, surprise -- those same politicians tend not to take actions that these donors oppose, like significantly tighter financial regulations. 

Singapore is far from a perfect society, and as I said at the outset, direct comparisons between its situation and that of the United States are somewhat dubious. But I can't help but wonder if maybe we could learn a few things about political economy from them. Like not letting private money play an enormous role in politics, and paying civil servants enough so that more of our best brains choose public service over Wall Street.  

ALIF/AFP/Getty Images

 

RYDDLE

10:02 PM ET

January 12, 2011

Dead on

"Like not letting private money play an enormous role in politics, and paying civil servants enough so that more of our best brains choose public service over Wall Street. "

That is one the best statements I have heard in a long time. The logic of it is undeniable; it should be fairly obvious that is it the way to go.

Oscar

 

BOB SPENCER

9:41 AM ET

January 13, 2011

We need strategic thinking

Excellent reading and viewing choices!

Actually, I occasionally need someone to draw a picture. This is a good one, especially midway onward.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTUY16CkS-k

We do need to arrive at a point where we can take the money out of government decision making. It is important that we find a theoretical or strategic foundation to get to that point.

In addition to how lobbyists’ money does so much harm, how do we emerge from a highly centralized government that facilitates the interests of only a few powerful groups and is insulated from popular will or other broad based interests? (Several polls show that the government practices do not follow strong public desires.)

Singapore was born with a strong leader that cared about his new nation and had the management skills to achieve desirable results. He also operated in a highly centralized manner, but with different results from our current condition. I would like to find a few additional examples and see what other forces caused others to shed their centralized and more inept government. Is it a development process that we need to restart?

 

WIGWAG

2:44 PM ET

January 13, 2011

Singapore's Fine Until You Take a Closer Look

There are plenty of things to like about Singapore, not the least of which is that they are a competitor to China and suspicious of China's aspirations in Asia. This means that it is highly likely if not inevitable, that Singapore will move closer and closer to the United States as China rises and competition between China and the United States becomes more acute.

Along with India, Viet Nam, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan and perhaps someday Burma, Singapore is likely to join with the United States in an alliance to check the aspirations of China in Asia. What's not to like about that?

But before Professor Walt waxes too enthusiastic about Singapore, he should study its history of academic freedom. As someone who still has a job at Harvard only because of the tenure system, I am sure that Walt values academic freedom highly. If Walt worked at the National University of Singapore instead of Harvard he would undoubtedly be out of a job by now.

And let's hope he doesn't make the mistake of chewing gum on a public street in Singapore; doing that can get you fined; tossing it on the street can get you jailed. Nor should we forget that caning is still a legal form of punishment in Singapore and is, in fact, frequently carried out.

As for his criticisms of Goldman Sachs and the rest of the U.S. banking system and his praise (as muted as it was in this post) for the system in Singapore, it pays to remember that authoritarian systems are always able to police their institutions better than democracies are; that's one of the things that make them authoritarian.

 

AR

7:36 AM ET

January 14, 2011

You make a lot of

You make a lot of assumptions.

1) there is not enough reason to boldly claim that all those Asian nations, save S. Korea, India, and Japan, will form an alliance with the US against China.

2) Walt would be much more free to speak his mind about Zionists in Singapore, where they do not have any clout, then in the US where they run the show at best, and have a lot of political allies at worst.

3) Singapore produces, on average, more intelligent and better behaved kids than does the US. If canning is part of that equation then so be it.

 

BLUE13326

2:52 PM ET

January 13, 2011

Why are leftists always

Why are leftists always attracted to authoritarian regimes?

 

JACOB BLUES

3:30 PM ET

January 13, 2011

I agree, Walt's not happy about Goldman Sachs/no surprise there

But Singapore? The home of a government that squelches free speech and canes children who commit the crime of spitting gum on the sidewalk.... that's what the US should emulate.

 

JACOB BLUES

3:34 PM ET

January 13, 2011

If you're going to take a look at what happened during the past

decade, a better place to begin would be the book "On Money and Markets", by Henry Kaufman, the former Solomon Brothers's analyst, and the original "Dr. Doom" of the 1970's.
.
Kaufman avoids the snarky finger pointing that is a trademark of Walt's, and discusses the issues, risks, rewards, and failures, that are inherent in a free-market economy, including problems with banks actions, regulatory failures and opens a discussion for suggested remedies.

 

TGGP

12:17 AM ET

January 14, 2011

Blue13326, Singapore is more

Blue13326, Singapore is more often considered right-wing. Walt doesn't actually much about Singaporean policy that he likes, perhaps because he hasn't made it a point of study.

Singaporean politics is not much influenced by lobbyists, because Singaporean politics is not much influenced by anything other than its ruling dynasty. There is effectively no political competition in Singapore.

My understanding is that Goldman Sachs bet better than all its competitors and was not "bailed out"*. AIG owed it a lot of money, but GS expected AIG to go down and hedged itself so that it had no exposure.
*There are a large number of institutions that did not really need money and had no problem paying it back. Paulson's logic was that both the weak and the strong needed to take money to avoid signalling who was weak.

 

AR

7:41 AM ET

January 14, 2011

Are there really significant

Are there really significant differences between a ruling dynasty that controls politics and an oligarchic system like the one the US has which also controls politics? You are fooling yourself if you answer yes.

 

Stephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University.

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