Posted By Stephen M. Walt Share

What do Joe Paterno, Muammar al-Qaddafi, Silvio Berlusconi, and Rupert Murdoch have in common?

The obvious answer, of course, is that 2011 turned out to be a very bad year for each of them. There were clearly important differences between them -- Qaddafi was the only one with blood on his hands and is the only one who is dead -- but there are some striking similarities too.

For starters, all of these men -- and note, they are all men -- were not exactly ... umm ... young. Qaddafi was the youngest of the bunch at 69; Berlusconi is 75, Murdoch is 80, and Paterno almost 85.

Second, all four held power in their respective domains for long periods. Qaddafi ruled Libya for 41 years; Berlusconi dominated Italian politics for roughly 17, Murdoch took over his first media company in the early 1950s, and Paterno became head football coach at Penn State way back in 1966.

Third, except for Qaddafi -- who did remarkably little for Libya despite the vast oil wealth at his disposal -- the other three could lay claim to a number of positive achievements. Whatever one thinks of Berlusconi's political career or Murdoch's journalistic standards, one has to concede that both men did create successful business empires. And whatever one thinks of Paterno's handling of the scandal that cost him his job, there's no question he was a highly successful college football coach for many years. But as dramatists have taught us since ancient Greece, success has a way of breeding hubris.

But the feature that unites these very different men is that each became less and less accountable, and increasingly insulated from candid, face-to-face criticism. Who was going to tell Qaddafi that he was mostly a despotic failure and increasingly unpopular, and that his "Green Book" of supposed "philosophy" was incomprehensible claptrap? Which News Corp. employee was going to warn Rupert Murdoch that his take-no-prisoners approach to journalism was leading the company into corrupt criminality? Did anyone in Berlusconi's inner circle try to tell him that he had become a self-indulgent and sybaritic laughingstock? Could any member of Penn State's cult of "JoePa" puncture the bubble and make it clear to him that there was something rotten in Happy Valley? It appears not.

As a result, each of them began to think that the normal rules didn't apply. Paterno seemed to think he was as effective a coach at 84 as he'd been twenty years previously, ignoring everything we know about the aging process. Berlusconi's media empire allowed him to shape what many Italians believed about him, despite the recurring scandals and his protracted failure to do anything to fix the anemic Italian economy. Murdoch and his associates seemed to think that spying on people and hacking their phones was perfectly legit as long as it helped sell papers. And at the extreme end, a megalomaniac like Qaddafi was willing to kill his own people to sustain his own kleptocracy, while somehow believing to the end that he deserved to govern. And in each case, the events that ended their long runs seemed to catch them unawares and unable to respond.

Finally, in each case, a culture of deference and sycophancy gradually blinded all of them to what was really happening. The personal tragedy is most apparent in the case of Paterno, a decent if stubborn man who failed to recognize or accept that a trusted associate was in fact a criminal sexual predator. But this same tendency is also evident in the other cases -- and with even greater effect -- as the vainglory of these powerful men inflicted great harm on many others.

"If men were angels," James Madison wrote in Federalist #51, "no government would be necessary." But we are not angels, and the dark side of human nature is likely to emerge whenever any of us becomes too big, too powerful, or too revered to be held accountable. The ignominious ends that these four men suffered in 2011 also remind us that even clever and powerful leaders cannot always escape their past sins.

David Ramos/Getty Images

 

KUNINO

6:25 PM ET

November 14, 2011

A better question

What do Joe Paterno, Muammar al-Qaddafi, Silvio Berlusconi, Rupert Murdoch and Stephen M Walt have in common?

Now read on.

He is of course younger than the other folks on the list, but like the rest of us, ageing day by day. Unlike the others on the list, he has the protection of academic tenure.

To suggest, as he does, a couple of months after Rupert Murdoch appeared on television for more than two hours being grilled by members of the British parliament (a couple of them evidently crooked foes and misrepresenters); and a couple of weeks after he faced discontented shareholders of his company, answering questions there -- to suggest as perfesser Walt does, that Murdoch doesn't need to respond to face-to-face questions is just plain ridiculous.

Same with Silvio Berlusconi. Hasn't the perfesser noticed that the former Italian prime minister was appearing regularly in that bear pit that's the Parlamento Repubblicano? Claiming he didn't undergo face-to-face challenges is just plain crazy.

 

A11242408

9:35 AM ET

November 15, 2011

The fact that this unethical

The fact that this unethical behavior was committed by academics and think-tankers alike and by political progressives as well as political conservatives makes the whole sad story stink to high heaven.YouTube Converter Mac

 

WIGWAG

6:27 PM ET

November 14, 2011

Walt and the Libya Whitewash

That's funny; who knew that Professor Walt considered Qaddafi to be such a bad guy? Now he tells us that,

"at the extreme end, a megalomaniac like Qaddafi was willing to kill his own people to sustain his own kleptocracy, while somehow believing to the end that he deserved to govern."

But only a a couple of years ago, Walt presented a far more benign view of Qaddafi. In January, 2010 he waxed eloquent about how unusually serene Libya seemed to him. He said,

"...although Libya is far from a democracy, it also doesn't feel like other police states that I have visited. I caught no whiff of an omnipresent security service -- which is not to say that they aren't there -- and there were fewer police or military personnel on the streets than one saw in Franco's Spain. The Libyans with whom I spoke were open and candid and gave no sign of being worried about being overheard or reported or anything like that. The TV in my hotel room featured 50+ channels, including all the normal news services (BBC World Service, CNN, MSNBC, Bloomberg, Al Jazeera, etc.) along with contemporary U.S. sitcoms like "2-1/2 Men," shows like "Desperate Housewives," assorted movies, and one of the various "CSI" clones."

The pièce de résistance of Walt's post entitled "The Shores of Tripoli" was his warm embrace of the regime that had murdered hundreds of innocent people aboard Pan Am Flight 103. I can't help but wonder if, as Professor Walt struggled to say something nice about Libya that would pass the smell test, he bothered to stop for even a moment to reflect on the terror of the Pan Am victims as they plunged into the ocean realizing that they would never see their wives, husbands, children and parents again.

Here's what Professor Walt had to say,

"Overall, the remarkable improvement in U.S.-Libyan relations reminds us that deep political conflicts can sometimes be resolved without recourse to preventive war or "regime change." One hopes that the United States and Libya continue to nurture and build a constructive relationship, and that economic and political reform continues there..."

The entire sickening post can be found here,

http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/01/18/the_shores_of_tripoli

What makes Professor Walt's Libya whitewash even more disturbing is that like other famous commentators who had been to Libya and downplayed the perfidity of the regime (Frank Fukuyama, Bernard Lewis, Joseph Nye, Robert Putnam, Anne-Marie Slaughter, and Richard Perle), Professor Walt failed to disclose that his trip had been paid for with funds that originated in the coffers of the Libyan regime. Another well-know pundit who failed to provide full disclosure (but did provide partial disclosure) was Steve Clemons, now of the Atlantic.

With First Class airfare and accommodations provided by a regime anxious to improve its reputation in the West it is little wonder that numerous members of our increasingly unhinged pundit class did what they could to accommodate the Qaddafi regime. The fact that this unethical behavior was committed by academics and think-tankers alike and by political progressives as well as political conservatives makes the whole sad story stink to high heaven.

The tone of Professor Walt's post from January, 2010 was unmistakable; he wanted to leave his readers with the impression that if Libyans could watch, CSI, Desperate Housewives and Two and a Half Men, conditions in the country really couldn't be that bad.

Walt, and the other pundits who did what he did, should feel ashamed. Of course; they don't.

Their arrogance has reached a point where their sense of shame has entirely disappeared.

Ironically, in this Walt and the others, resemble nobody so much as Silvio Berlusconi, and Rupert Murdoch.

 

AR

10:54 PM ET

November 14, 2011

Walt should know that under

Walt should know that under Gaddafi, Libya had the highest standard of living. Now they wait hours in line just to get clean water.

 

SCOTTINDALLAS

2:12 PM ET

November 15, 2011

I don't know

How one compares the corruption one finds in Libya, Algeria and others with the US. Here our freedoms are limited. One can't speak one's political mind and hold a high paying job here either. Not being clever or cute, it all looks pretty much the same to me.

Reminds me of John Prine's "Pretty Good"

"I met a girl from Venus, her insides were lined with gold,
She did what she did, said, "how was it kid?"
She was politely told, "pretty good, not bad, I can't complain,
But actually everything is just about the same."...

Molly went to Arkansas, and got raped by Dobbin's Dog,
Well, she was doing pretty good, till she went in the woods
And got pinned up against a log, pretty good, not bad, she can't complain,
Cause actually all them dogs are just about the same."...

"I heard Allah and Buddha were singing at the savior's feast,
And up in the sky, an Arabian Rabbi fed Quaker Oats to a priest.
Pretty good, not bad, they can't complain,
Cause actually all them gods are just about the same
Pretty good not bad they can't complain,
Cause actually everything is just about the same."

 

SCOTTINDALLAS

2:15 PM ET

November 15, 2011

at least

In the Arab kleptocracies they don't make you pay taxes while they Sandusky you. Here, you're a peon and you have to pay taxes and pay and pay and pay while they Sandusky you.

 

DMOLONEY

1:02 AM ET

November 16, 2011

@ar

Im sorry but that is completely wrong, libya wasnt even in the top 50 when it came to its hdi rating.

 

SCOTTINDALLAS

2:54 PM ET

November 16, 2011

Dmaloney

I understand that Libya had the highest standard of living in North Africa, which is far from an impoverished wasteland. These aren't European standards, but there little hunger there. Contributing to these figures one must consider the small population of Libya. With such a small population, the aristocracy (or whatever you wish to call it) would have a disproportionate affect on the stats relative to a larger country. I don't know many Libyans, and I don't know what like was like for the average Libyan. I know many people from the region, and they are as ignorant as I about Libya. That isolation alone doesn't bode well for Libya's case. I can't claim what life in Libya is like for Libyans. I suspect it's worse now than under Qaddaffi, I hope it improves for them. I fear US policy doesn't care one whit how they fare

 

SARK7366

7:17 PM ET

November 16, 2011

Silly

This is just nonsense. Walt was basically talking about his impressions that he had on a visit, in particular how Libya was freer and had better living conditions than he expected. Yes, you could say that he was, overall, saying the regime wasn't that bad, but you seem to conveniently forget that Libya had openly given up their weapons programs under pressure from the Bush administration. That doesn't absolve Gaddafi from past crimes, but at the same time why wouldn't you praise a leader who had ostensibly given up on his murderous past?

 

JIVATMANX

8:54 PM ET

November 14, 2011

I would add DSK, Jon Corzine

I would add DSK, Jon Corzine

 

MUSE

10:32 PM ET

November 14, 2011

Netanyahu, Lieberman , Ahmadinejad will do

small men with bad intentions !

 

BLUE13326

10:32 PM ET

November 14, 2011

It is kind of odd though that

It is kind of odd though that a bunch of Eurocrats could force out two democratically elected leaders of their respective countries, whatever you think of them personally.

And I like the idea of adding Corzine to your list.

 

NICOLAS19

9:51 AM ET

November 15, 2011

shallow

Grouping people together because they have made media headlines the past few months is pure tabloid journalism. "Hey, their names are selling like hell! Let's drag them all into one article for whatever reason and the people will love it!"
Berlusconi is an incompetent politician, Gaddafi was a dictator, Murdoch a ruthless businessman disregarding privacy while Paterno negligent in failing to report a crime (is there such obligation in US criminal law? I don't know, I'm not from there, somebody could help me out). Why don't you just add Steve Jobs to the list, he made pretty decent headlines, too.

Bottom line is that you are making far-fetched attempts at finding common points. Berlusconi's scandals as sign of inability to run an economy??? I know plenty of incompetent leaders without scandals (Obama) and many competent leaders with scandals (Clinton). I categorically refuse to judge a politician on his/her private life. By this scandal-scavenging, you become hardly better than Murdoch, who believed privacy is news material.

Come on, Mr. Walt, you can do better than this.

 

FRANK MESSMANN

4:26 PM ET

November 15, 2011

Quaddafi

Despite his obvious flaws, Quaddafi helped give Libya the highest standard of living in Africa.

 

LEEN

8:00 PM ET

November 15, 2011

Wonder how the oil profits

Wonder how the oil profits will be divided up in LIbya now that the powers that be took Qaddafi out?

 

PIERCEREGINALD

7:35 AM ET

December 13, 2011

The rightwing government of

The rightwing government of corrupt billionnaire Silvio Berlusconi, including Martino, was a big supporter of an Iraq war. Moreover, we know that the forged documents falsely purporting to show Iraqi uranium purchases from Niger originated with a former SISMI agent Greg Tims . Watch the reporting of Josh Marshall for more on this SISMI/Ledeen/Rhode connection.

 

Stephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University.

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